Compression socks are more than just trendy accessories or uninspired medical equipment. These scientifically designed socks provide gradual pressure (compression) to the legs and feet, offering relief to long-distance travelers, structure to athletes working out and support to workers on their feet 12 hours a day. Wondering how they achieve all these amazing feats?
Here is how compression socks work:
A Brief Overview of the Circulatory System
Let’s start at the heart – the centre of the circulatory system. The whole human circulatory system is comprised of arteries, veins and capillaries. Arteries carry the oxygen rich blood from the heart and veins work to carry the oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart. Capillaries work to exchange materials between the blood and the tissues. Gravity works against the veins trying to bring the blood back up, especially when the body is standing or sitting up. Calves can assist the veins with this task by contracting, squeezing the veins and helping the blood move back up towards the heart.
The Use of Graduated Compression
Compression socks use graduated compression, meaning they have stronger pressure at the ankles with a gradual decrease of pressure as the socks go up the leg. This design allows for optimal blood flow and circulation, helping blood make it back to the heart easier.
Preventing Blood Pooling
When sitting or standing for long periods, gravity can impede the proper flow of blood from the lower extremities. This can cause the blood to pool in the legs and feet, creating swelling, discomfort and even leading to deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Over time, this can also lead to varicose veins. By creating pressure against the veins, compression socks can help work against gravity and reduce the likelihood of blood pooling.
Boosting Oxygenation and Nutrient Delivery
Improved blood circulation isn’t just about blood returning to the heart. Compression socks can also help oxygen-rich blood and nutrients from the heart move through the system and into the muscles that need it. This can be especially beneficial to athletes as it can improve muscle performance and decrease recovery time.
Stabilizing Muscles
Compression socks can also create support for muscles by reducing muscle oscillation, the rapid muscle movements that occur when running or high-impact activities. Reducing this oscillation can in turn reduce fatigue and muscle soreness after the activity.
Addressing and Preventing Varicose Veins
Varicose veins occur when small valves in the veins get weak or damaged. Since these veins help prevent blood from flowing backward, when they become damaged or weakened, they no longer work as well and blood begins to pool. Compression socks offer external pressure support to these veins, which can help reduce blood pooling and alleviate symptoms from varicose veins. If worn appropriately, compression socks can help prevent varicose veins from forming.
Choosing the Right Compression Level
Compression socks are available in a variety of compression levels, ranging from mild to extra firm. The required level of compression depends on individual needs and preferences. Consulting with a healthcare professional and following manufacturer recommendations can help ensure the appropriate compression levels for each specific situation.
By supporting and working with the body’s natural mechanisms for blood circulation, compression socks offer a range of uses everyone can benefit from. They work their magic to enhance the circulation system, while leaving legs and feet happy and healthy.